ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Con el objetivo de evaluar la concordancia entre la autotoma de muestras vaginales y la toma estándar de muestras endocervicales para la identificación de Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis y Candida spp. realizadas por el personal de salud en mujeres de un área urbano-rural del Perú, se realizó un estudio prospectivo y transversal en 206 mujeres en edad fértil, identificamos algunas infecciones de transmisión sexual como Chlamydia trachomatis o Trichomonas vaginalis en 9 mujeres (4,4%). Obtuvimos una concordancia casi perfecta en la identificación de Candida spp. (k=0,97), Chlamydia trachomatis (k=0,92) y Trichomonas vaginalis por microscopía (k=1,00), y considerable para la identificación de Trichomonas vaginalis por cultivo (k=0,66). La técnica de la autotoma de muestras vaginales podría ser usada para la identificación de algunas infecciones de transmisión sexual en población urbano-rural.
ABSTRACT With the objective of evaluating the concordance between the self-sampling of vaginal samples and the standard collection of endocervical samples for the identification of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp. carried out by health personnel in women from an urban-rural area of Peru, a prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in 206 women of childbearing age, we identified some sexually transmitted infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Trichomonas vaginalis in 9/206 (4.4%). We obtained a high degree of agreement in the identification of Candida spp. (k = 0.97), Chlamydia trachomatis (k=0.92) and Trichomonas vaginalis by microscopy (k=1.00), and a considerable agreement for the identification of Trichomonas vaginalis by culture (k=0.66). The self-sampling technique can be used to identify some sexually transmitted infections in urban-rural populations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Women , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Rural Areas , Health Personnel , Rural Population , Trichomonas vaginalis , Chlamydia trachomatis , Neisseria gonorrhoeaeABSTRACT
RESUMEN Con el objetivo de evaluar la concordancia entre la autotoma de muestras vaginales y la toma estándar de muestras endocervicales para la identificación de Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis y Candida spp. realizadas por el personal de salud en mujeres de un área urbano-rural del Perú, se realizó un estudio prospectivo y transversal en 206 mujeres en edad fértil, identificamos algunas infecciones de transmisión sexual como Chlamydia trachomatis o Trichomonas vaginalis en 9 mujeres (4,4%). Obtuvimos una concordancia casi perfecta en la identificación de Candida spp. (k=0,97), Chlamydia trachomatis (k=0,92) y Trichomonas vaginalis por microscopía (k=1,00), y considerable para la identificación de Trichomonas vaginalis por cultivo (k=0,66). La técnica de la autotoma de muestras vaginales podría ser usada para la identificación de algunas infecciones de transmisión sexual en población urbano-rural.
ABSTRACT With the objective of evaluating the concordance between the self-sampling of vaginal samples and the standard collection of endocervical samples for the identification of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp. carried out by health personnel in women from an urban-rural area of Peru, a prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in 206 women of childbearing age, we identified some sexually transmitted infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Trichomonas vaginalis in 9/206 (4.4%). We obtained a high degree of agreement in the identification of Candida spp. (k = 0.97), Chlamydia trachomatis (k=0.92) and Trichomonas vaginalis by microscopy (k=1.00), and a considerable agreement for the identification of Trichomonas vaginalis by culture (k=0.66). The self-sampling technique can be used to identify some sexually transmitted infections in urban-rural populations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Rural Population , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Cross-Sectional Studies , Infections , Trichomonas vaginalis , Candida , Rural AreasABSTRACT
This work aims at the geochemical study of Pitinga cryolite mineralization through REE and Y analyses in disseminated and massive cryolite ore deposits, as well as in fluorite occurrences. REE signatures in fluorite and cryolite are similar to those in the Madeira albite granite. The highest ΣREE values are found in magmatic cryolite (677 to 1345 ppm); ΣREE is lower in massive cryolite. Average values for the different cryolite types are 10.3 ppm, 6.66 ppm and 8.38 ppm (for nucleated, caramel and white types, respectively). Disseminated fluorite displays higher ΣREE values (1708 and 1526ppm) than fluorite in late veins(34.81ppm). Yttrium concentration is higher in disseminated fluorite and in magmatic cryolite. The evolution of several parameters (REEtotal, LREE/HREE, Y) was followed throughout successive stages of evolution in albite granites and associated mineralization. At the end of the process, late cryolite was formed with low REEtotal content. REE data indicate that the MCD was formed by, and the disseminated ore enriched by (additional formation of hydrothermal disseminated cryolite), hydrothermal fluids, residual from albite granite. The presence of tetrads is poorly defined, although nucleated, caramel and white cryolite types show evidence for tetrad effect.
Este trabalho enfoca a geoquímica de elementos terras raras (ETR) e de Y no minério criolítico disseminado, no depósito criolítico maciço e na fluorita associada na mina Pitinga. As assinaturas de ETR na criolita e fluorita são similares àquelas do granito Madeira. Os maiores valores de SETR são encontrados na criolita magmática disseminada (677 a 1.345 ppm); SETR é menor na criolita maciça, com valores médios de 10,3 ppm, 6,66 ppm e 8,38 ppm, respectivamente, nos tipos de criolita nucleada, caramelo e branca. A fluorita magmática disseminada apresenta os valores mais altos de SETR (1.708 e 1.526 ppm), contrastando com a fluorita de veio tardio(34,81 ppm). A concentração de Y é maior na fluorita disseminada e na criolita magmática. As evoluções de diversos parâmetros (SETR, ETRL/ETRP, Y) podem ser seguidas através dos sucessivos estágios de evolução dos albita granitos e mineralização associada. Os dados de ETR indicam que o depósito criolítico maciço foi formado por, e o minério disseminado enriquecido por (formação adicional criolita disseminada hidrotermal), fluidos hidrotermais residuais do albita granito. A presença do efeito tetrad não é bem definida, embora as criolitas maciças nucleada, caramelo e branca apresentem algumas evidências deste efeito.
ABSTRACT
The bifrontal craniotomy approach used to be associated with a high percentage of olfactory tract damage. We present our experience with this technique, that was used with excellent results in a series of 11 patients that underwent the surgical approach described in this paper. We support the idea that bilateral subfrontal craniotomy allows a wide operative exposure as well as the complete anatomic and functional preservation of the olfactory tracts bilaterally